[OHP 2: Conceptual diagram of measurement system]

Our research in this area began with the measurement of aircraft noise. To measure environmental noise from aircraft or other sources over a wide area for a long period of time, we felt the need for a mechanism that would enable measurements to be made in a basically automatic manner by computer.

[OHP 3: Model of auditory-brain system]

Based on the model of auditory-brain system which consists of the autocorrelation mechanism, the interaural crosscorrelation mechanism between the both auditory pathways, and the specialization of human brain.
We attempted to identify the noise sources of different car engines using the model of the auditory-brain system, as well as the autocorrelation function, or ACF, determined by that model and orthogonal factors extracted from the ACF.

[OHP 4: F(0), te]

OHP shows F(0). The averaged sound energy for two ears, the effective duration, and t_e, defined by the delay at which the envelope of normalized ACF becomes 0.1.

[OHP 5: f1, t1]

Next OHP shows fine structures of autocorrelation function of sound signals including the magnitude of first maximum, f₁, and its delay time, t₁.

[OHP 6: t1']

In my talk today, I will present new ACF factors, and application for car engine.

[OHP 7: Outline of the measurement system]

I would like to give a description of outline of the measurement system. The measurement system consists of two microphones arranged as a binaural pair, a laptop computer, and software that extracts the ACF and IACF factors from real-time noise data.

[OHP 8: Car B ACF]

SOURCE IDENTIFICATION USING THE ACF FACTORS
F(0) sound energy varies according to the distance between the source and receiver, if the distance is unknown F(0) is not useful.
The noise source can be identified by using the other three factors. One of the guidelines to figure out the minimum t_e, which represents the most active part of the noise signal.

[OHP 9: Car D ACF]

The values of each factor at minimum t_e are calculated. A set of typical ACF factors are used for comparison with an unknown noise.

[OHP 10: Motor ACF obtained from model-motor experiment]

The movement of an engine, changes according to driving conditions. And this prompted us to investigate the relation between engine RPM and ACF.
In the measurement experiments, we decided to use model motors at first.
Because it is simple and small and economy.
The results of this experiment revealed a deep relationship between motor RPM and the value of t corresponding to maximum f, that is, where pitch intensity is strong.

[OHP 11: Graph showing relationship between change in engine RPM and engine ACF]

On the basis of these results, we then analyzed the data of actual cars.
We found the value of t_ corresponding to maximum f has a relationship with the frequency of engine explosions.
"i" as a subscript of t was used as engine's explosion cycle.

[OHP 12: Explanation of t1']

Here, I would like to introduce new factors for making an identification: factors t_i' in the order of t₁', t₂', t₃', t₄', and so on, and factors f_i' in the order of f₁', f₂', f₃', f₄', and so on. The computer compares t_i or f_i with identification templates just in numerical order, such as in the order of t₁, t₂, t₃, and so on.

[OHP 13: Values of orthogonal factors extracted from the ACF by car type]

I would now like to summarize my presentation and make some conclusions.
In my talk today, I have introduced new orthogonal factors extracted from the autocorrelation function and have described our noise identification system application for car engine.
The following conclusions can be made.I t should be possible to identify the other noise sources.

This brings my presentation to a close. Thank you for your attention.